Rural home services in Wales

Wales has a much higher share of homes heated by oil than England, and many rural properties rely on private drainage and water. Here's what to know.

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Stone farmhouse and outbuildings below a steep green hillside in Cwm Tywi, Powys
Photo: Roger D Kidd, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons (cropped)

How homes in Wales are heated

Central heating in Wales (Census 2021, % of 1,347,114 households)
Central heatingWales
Mains gas only71.6%
Oil only7.8%
Tank or bottled gas (LPG) only2%
Electric only5.3%
Wood only0.3%
Solid fuel only0.6%
Renewable energy only0.5%
Two or more types (not renewable)9.2%
Two or more types (including renewable)0.6%
No central heating1.2%

Source: ONS Census 2021, table TS046.

Key rules for rural homes in Wales

  • Septic tanks and treatment plants: most need a free registration with Natural Resources Wales (NRW). See our septic tank page.
  • Oil tanks: GOV.UK notes that Wales has different oil storage regulations from England, so check the Welsh rules with your installer (GOV.UK).
  • Heat pump and biomass grants: the Boiler Upgrade Scheme is open in England and Wales (GOV.UK).
  • Private water supplies: local authorities, Public Health Wales and the Drinking Water Inspectorate share responsibilities for private supplies in England and Wales (DWI).

Local guides in Wales

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